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1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Aberdeen Medical School, Polwarth Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK
2 Palo Alto Medical Foundation, Department of Sports Medicine, 795 El Camino Real, Palo Alto, CA 94301, USA
3 Department of Surgery, Anaesthesiology, Radiology and Orthopaedic Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge University Hospital, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
4 Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Keele University School of Medicine, North Staffordshire Hospital, Thornburrow Drive, Hartshill, Stoke on Trent, Staffordshire ST4 7QB, UK
Correspondence to:
Correspondence to:
Professor Maffulli, Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Keele University School of Medicine, North Staffordshire Hospital, Thornburrow Drive, Hartshill, Stoke on Trent, Staffordshire ST4 7QB, UK;
n.maffulli{at}keele.ac.uk
ABSTRACT
Achilles tendinopathy is prevalent and potentially incapacitating in athletes involved in running sports. It is a degenerative, not an inflammatory, condition. Most patients respond to conservative measures if the condition is recognised early. Surgery usually involves removal of adhesions and degenerated areas and decompression of the tendon by tenotomy or measures that influence the local circulation.
Keywords: Achilles tendon; tendinopathy; tendinosis; tendinitis
Abbreviations: MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; US, ultrasonography
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