| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS | REGISTER |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
|
|
|||||||||||||||
REVIEW |
1 McClure Musculoskeletal Research Center, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
2 Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, University of Vermont
Correspondence to:
Correspondence to:
Dr Beynnon, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA;
bruce.beynnon{at}uvm.edu
Prospective studies on risk factors for lower extremity injury are reviewed. Many intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors have been implicated; however, there is little agreement with respect to the findings. Future prospective studies are needed using sufficient sample sizes of males and females, including collection of exposure data, and using established methods for identifying and classifying injury severity to conclusively determine addtional risk factors for lower extremity injury.
Keywords: extrinsic; injury; intrinsic; lower extremity; risk factor
Abbreviations: IR, incidence rate; RR, relative risk; ACL, anterior cruciate ligament; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; ROM, range of motion; BMI, body mass index; NWI, notch width index
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  D Van Tiggelen, S Wickes, V Stevens, P Roosen, and E Witvrouw Effective prevention of sports injuries: a model integrating efficacy, efficiency, compliance and risk-taking behaviour Br. J. Sports Med., August 1, 2008; 42(8): 648 - 652. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Geldman, A. Moore, and L. Cheek The effect of pre-injury physical fitness on the initial severity and recovery from whiplash injury, at six-month follow-up Clinical Rehabilitation, April 1, 2008; 22(4): 364 - 376. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R M Queen, B L Charnock, W E Garrett Jr, W M Hardaker, E L Sims, and C T Moorman III A comparison of cleat types during two football-specific tasks on FieldTurf Br. J. Sports Med., April 1, 2008; 42(4): 278 - 284. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Hagglund, M. Walden, and J. Ekstrand Lower Reinjury Rate With a Coach-Controlled Rehabilitation Program in Amateur Male Soccer: A Randomized Controlled Trial Am. J. Sports Med., September 1, 2007; 35(9): 1433 - 1442. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Steffen, T. E. Andersen, and R. Bahr Risk of injury on artificial turf and natural grass in young female football players Br. J. Sports Med., August 1, 2007; 41(suppl_1): i33 - i37. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Perron, L. J Hebert, B. J McFadyen, S. Belzile, and M. Regnieare The ability of the Biodex Stability System to distinguish level of function in subjects with a second-degree ankle sprain Clinical Rehabilitation, January 1, 2007; 21(1): 73 - 81. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Y. Griffin, M. J. Albohm, E. A. Arendt, R. Bahr, B. D. Beynnon, M. DeMaio, R. W. Dick, L. Engebretsen, W. E. Garrett Jr, J. A. Hannafin, et al. Understanding and Preventing Noncontact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries: A Review of the Hunt Valley II Meeting, January 2005 Am. J. Sports Med., September 1, 2006; 34(9): 1512 - 1532. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
O Faude, A Junge, W Kindermann, and J Dvorak Risk factors for injuries in elite female soccer players Br. J. Sports Med., September 1, 2006; 40(9): 785 - 790. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M Hagglund, M Walden, and J Ekstrand Previous injury as a risk factor for injury in elite football: a prospective study over two consecutive seasons Br. J. Sports Med., September 1, 2006; 40(9): 767 - 772. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. F. Reinking Exercise-Related Leg Pain in Female Collegiate Athletes: The Influence of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors Am. J. Sports Med., September 1, 2006; 34(9): 1500 - 1507. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. H. M. Brooks, C. W. Fuller, S. P. T. Kemp, and D. B. Reddin Incidence, Risk, and Prevention of Hamstring Muscle Injuries in Professional Rugby Union Am. J. Sports Med., August 1, 2006; 34(8): 1297 - 1306. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A Ivkovic, I Bojanic, M Pecina, and C Fink Stress fractures of the femoral shaft in athletes: a new treatment algorithm * Commentary Br. J. Sports Med., June 1, 2006; 40(6): 518 - 520. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. D. Beynnon, R. J. Johnson, S. Braun, M. Sargent, I. M. Bernstein, J. M. Skelly, and P. M. Vacek The Relationship Between Menstrual Cycle Phase and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: A Case-Control Study of Recreational Alpine Skiers Am. J. Sports Med., May 1, 2006; 34(5): 757 - 764. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. N. Mahieu, E. Witvrouw, V. Stevens, D. Van Tiggelen, and P. Roget Intrinsic Risk Factors for the Development of Achilles Tendon Overuse Injury: A Prospective Study Am. J. Sports Med., February 1, 2006; 34(2): 226 - 235. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. D. Beynnon, P. M. Vacek, D. Murphy, D. Alosa, and D. Paller First-Time Inversion Ankle Ligament Trauma: The Effects of Sex, Level of Competition, and Sport on the Incidence of Injury Am. J. Sports Med., October 1, 2005; 33(10): 1485 - 1491. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P Wong and Y Hong Soccer injury in the lower extremities Br. J. Sports Med., August 1, 2005; 39(8): 473 - 482. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J A Sanchis-Gimeno, E Casas-Roman, C Garcia-Campero, R Hurtado-Fernandez, and L Aparicio-Bellver Anatomical location of athletic injuries during training: a prospective two year study in 2701 athletes Br. J. Sports Med., July 1, 2005; 39(7): 467 - 467. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. M. Willems, E. Witvrouw, K. Delbaere, N. Mahieu, I. De Bourdeaudhuij, and D. De Clercq Intrinsic Risk Factors for Inversion Ankle Sprains in Male Subjects: A Prospective Study Am. J. Sports Med., March 1, 2005; 33(3): 415 - 423. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A Gupta, B Fernihough, G Bailey, P Bombeck, A Clarke, and D Hopper An evaluation of differences in hip external rotation strength and range of motion between female dancers and non-dancers Br. J. Sports Med., December 1, 2004; 38(6): 778 - 783. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R Bahr and I Holme Risk factors for sports injuries -- a methodological approach Br. J. Sports Med., October 1, 2003; 37(5): 384 - 392. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS | REGISTER |
