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Treatment of spondylolysis with external electrical stimulation in young athletes: a critical literature review

Correspondence to:
Correspondence to:
D Stasinopoulos
Centre of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 16 Orfanidou Street, Athens 11141, Greece; d_stasinopoulos{at}yahoo.gr

ABSTRACT
Lumbar spondylolysis is a common cause of low back pain in adolescent athletes. It is a unilateral or bilateral defect of the pars interarticularis. The cause is still a matter of debate. A wide range of conservative treatments has been used. The purpose of this critical literature review is to investigate the efficacy of external electrical stimulation in the healing of this disorder.

Keywords: spondylolysis; electrical stimulation; athletes; adolescents; low back pain

Abbreviations: CT, computed tomography; TLSO, thoracolumbar sacral orthosis