Table 2

Sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of history, physical examination and ECG to detect potentially lethal cardiac disorders in athlete preparticipation screening

First author (Ref. #)	Year	Sensitivity			Specificity			Positive predictive value
First author (Ref. #)	Year	History	PE	ECG	History	PE	ECG	History	PE	ECG
Fuller70	1997	0	17	83	98	97	98	0	0.6	3.4
Wilson71	2008	0	–	100	98	–	99	0	–	22.5
Bessem72	2009	25	0	75	95	97	93	4	0	9.0
Hevia73	2009	0	0	100	99	100	94	0	0	2.7
Baggish47	2010	0	33	66	96	98	84	0	0	2.4
Magalski74	2011	44	11	100	75	95	91	0	1	9.5
Fudge35	2014	40	0	100	69	90	95	0.5	8	6.9
Price75	2014	20	40	100	88	96	97	0.4	3	8.1
Menafoglio76	2014	0	0	100	99	99	96	0	0	9.5

Values are %.
Adapted with permission from Harmon et al.37
PE, physical examination.