Table 6

Summary of risk factors for injury in adolescent runners

Increases risk of injury
Strong evidenceLimited evidenceNot supportedConflicting evidence/unclear
Prior Injury
Sex
Girls>boys
Menstrual dysfunction
BMI
<19 kg/m2 for BSI in girls		 Anatomical

  •  Quadriceps angle >200

  •  Leg-length inequality (>1.5 cm) in boys


 Training/biomechanics
 Summer training (<8 weeks, >33% on hills, <25% alternating short and long mileage on different days)
 
 Low running step rate (<166 steps/min)
 Sports specialisation 		 Height
 Weight
 Running Surface Type 		 Age/development
 Muscle weakness
 Hip abductors
 Knee extensor
 Knee flexors
 Footwear
 Footstrike mechanics

  • BMI, body mass index; BSI, bone stress injury.